Standard emitters (clocks) and calibrated standard emitters (clocks) in spaces with affine connections and metrics

摘要

It is shown that the general belief that the frequency and the absolute valueof the velocity of periodic signals sent by a standard emitter do not change onthe world line of the emitter needs to be revised and new conditions for theexistence of a calibrted standard emitter should be taken into account. Thenotions of a standard clock and of a calibrated standard clock are introducedin a space with affine connections and metrics. The variation of the velocityand of the frequency of a standard clock could be compared with the constantvelocity and the constant frequency of a calibrated standard clock along theworld line of the observer. This calibrated standard clock is transported bymeand of a generalized Fermi-Walker transport along the same world line of theobserver. Some remarks about the synchronization of standard clocks in spaceswith affine connections and metrics are given. PACS numbers: 95.30.Sf;04.90.+h; 04.20.Cv; 04.90.+e